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<img alt="科學家在小鼠體內(nèi)培育出功能完備人類腸道" 科學家在小鼠體內(nèi)培育出功能完備人類腸道"="" data-cke-saved-src="http://www.bio1000。。ｃｏｍ/uploads/allimg/150113/1040135526-0.jpg" src="http://www.bio1000。。ｃｏｍ/uploads/allimg/150113/1040135526-0.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle; border: 0px; width: 400px; height: 300px;">

很快，你將有能力生長出自己的腸道。從人體腸道內(nèi)取一小塊樣本，將其研碎并浸泡在一種消化酶溶液中，再用移液器吸取該混合物并將其放在聚合物支架上，然后把它移植進小鼠的腹腔。幾周后，你將獲得一小部分功能完備的人體腸道。

在過去的幾年里，來自美國洛杉磯兒童醫(yī)院的Tracy Grikscheit一直在研究如何生長出部分小腸。如果成功，這將為腸道衰竭的治療提供一種新的方式。在被新生兒重癥監(jiān)護室收治的患者中，有2%的嬰兒會受到腸道衰竭的影響。該病癥患者5年內(nèi)約有三分之一因此死亡。

Grikscheit團隊的工作為上述研究目標的實現(xiàn)提供了迄今zui有前途的跡象。在將裝有人類腸道組織的支架植入小鼠體內(nèi)4周后，Grikscheit和同事發(fā)現(xiàn)，移植組織生長出人類小腸具有的很多特征。它們包括充滿黏液的杯狀細胞以及釋放腸胃激素的專門細胞。更重要的是，移植組織表現(xiàn)得像實際腸道一樣：它們能將復合糖分解成簡單的葡萄糖。相關(guān)成果發(fā)表在《美國理學雜志》上。

Grikscheit表示，在小鼠身上開展的研究成為zui終治療嬰兒患者的關(guān)鍵一步。“我們將不得不獲取全部支撐數(shù)據(jù)。不過，坦率地說，我們已經(jīng)開展了盡可能多的研究。”

下一步則將生長出工程化組織的更大樣本。“每次你將事情的規(guī)模擴大，比如從小鼠擴展至人類嬰兒大小，會需要考慮很多不同的情況。目前，我們正致力于此事。”Grikscheit說。齊一生物編輯整理

原文鏈接：Human and Mouse Tissue-Engineered Small Intestine Both Demonstrate Digestive And Absorptive Function

Objective Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a devastating condition in which insufficient small intestinal surface area results in malnutrition and dependence on intravenous parenteral nutrition. There is an increasing incidence of SBS, particularly in premature babies and newborns with congenital intestinal anomalies. Tissue-engineered small intestine (TESI) offers a therapeutic alternative to the current standard treatment, intestinal transplantation, and has the potential to solve its biggest challenges: donor shortage and life-long immunosuppression. We have previously demonstrated that TESI can be generated from mouse and human small intestine and histologically replicates key components of native intestine. We hypothesized that TESI also recapitulates native small intestine function. Design Organoid units were generated from mouse or human donor intestine and implanted into genetically identical or immunodeficient host mice. After four weeks, TESI was harvested and either fixed and paraffin embedded, or immediay subjected to assays to illustrate function. Results We demonstrated that both mouse and human tissue-engineered small intestine grew into an appropriay polarized sphere of intact epithelium facing a lumen, contiguous with supporting mesenchyme, muscle, and stem/progenitor cells. The epithelium demonstrated major ultrastructural components including tight junctions and microvilli, transporters, and functional brush border and digestive enzymes. Conclusions This study demonstrates that tissue-engineered small intestine possesses a well-differentiated epithelium with intact ion transporters/channels, functional brush border enzymes, and similar ultrastructural components to native tissue including progenitor cells whether derived from mouse or human cells.(DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00111.2014)