焦利氏稱說明書

Instruction of Jolly Balance

用途：

Purpose:

供大專學(xué)?；A(chǔ)物理課實(shí)驗(yàn)用，可測(cè)定負(fù)荷與彈簧伸長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系，液體的表面張力系數(shù)，物體的比重以及微小物體重量的稱衡。

Used for experiment in fundamental physics course of colleges and universities, the balance can measure the relationship between load and spring extension, surface tension coefficient of liquid, specific density of object and micro-object weight.

TKZM-1脈沖TKZM-18,J-FY2-1焦利氏稱J-T25結(jié)構(gòu)及基本性能：

Structure and basic performance:

儀器如圖示，在裝有水平調(diào)節(jié)螺絲②的三足座①上，豎直裝一套筒④，套筒頂端安裝0.1刻度的游標(biāo)⑤，筒內(nèi)插入刻有毫米度尺的筒管⑥，利用旋扭③通過里面的滑輪，鏈條可調(diào)節(jié)刻度筒管在套筒中升降，螺釘⑦供固定彈簧⑧之用，帶小缺口的夾子⑩供夾持指標(biāo)管11用夾子16供夾持平臺(tái)套筒，旋扭17調(diào)節(jié)平臺(tái)15的升降。本儀器另附有表面張力線框14、玻皿盤13、鋁盤12和指標(biāo)鏡⑨，磷銅絲繞制的彈簧共三種規(guī)格列表如下：

TKZM-1脈沖TKZM-18,J-FY2-1焦利氏稱J-T25The instrument is shown as the figure: a sleeve④ is vertically installed on the three-leg base① with level adjustment screw②. 0.1 scale cursor⑤ is installed on top of the sleeve, and bobbin⑥ with the scale of millimeter is inserted in the sleeve. Rotary knob③ can, through the internal pulley and chain, adjust the height of scaled bobbin in the sleeve. Bolt⑦ is used to fix spring⑧, and clamp⑩ with small gap to hold index tube11. Clamp16 is used to nip platform sleeve. Rotary knob17 lifts or lowers platform15. The instrument is also attached with surface tension line case14, glass tray13, aluminum tray12, and index mirror⑨. Spring made of phosphor bronze wire falls into the following three specifications:   

   TKZM-1脈沖TKZM-18,J-FY2-1焦利氏稱J-T25 彈簧形狀   磷銅絲直徑（毫米）  最負(fù)荷（克）

     柱形        0.5                  30

     錐形        0.5                  15

     錐形        0.6                  30

Spring form  Phosphor bronze wire diameter (mm)    Maximum load (gram) 

     Column        0.5                      30

     Taper          0.5                      15

     Taper          0.6                      30

使用方法：

Using method:

1.測(cè)定彈簧的伸長(zhǎng)與負(fù)荷的關(guān)系

1. Measure the relationship between spring extension and load

將彈簧的上端（如圖）用螺釘⑦固定住，指標(biāo)管11用夾子夾牢，穿過指標(biāo)管在彈簧下端掛上指標(biāo)鏡⑨，再在指標(biāo)鏡下面掛上鋁盤12，若指標(biāo)鏡與指標(biāo)管接觸，可用三足座上的水平螺絲及彈簧上端的夾頭進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。使刻度尺的起始線對(duì)準(zhǔn)游標(biāo)的起始線，指標(biāo)管和指標(biāo)鏡上的刻線對(duì)準(zhǔn)。

Fix the upper end of spring (shown as the figure) with bolt⑦, nip index tube11 with clamp, hang index mirror⑨ at the lower end of spring through index tube, and then hang aluminum tray12 below index mirror. If index mirror touches index tube, they can be adjusted with the level screw on the three-leg base and the clamp on the upper end of spring. At last, the starting line of dividing ruler should be at the same line with that of cursor, and index tube at the same line with the scale line on index mirror.

每次在鋁盤中加0.5-1克重的砝碼，并轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)旋扭③使指標(biāo)鏡與指標(biāo)管上的刻度始終對(duì)準(zhǔn)。每次刻度尺升高的長(zhǎng)度，即為加相應(yīng)重量的砝碼彈簧伸長(zhǎng)的長(zhǎng)度，記下每次的結(jié)果，即可找出所加負(fù)荷與彈簧伸長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系，求出彈簧的彈性系數(shù)。

Add 0.5-1gram poise in aluminum tray each time, and rotate rotary knob③ to make index mirror always at the same line with the scale on index tube. The lifting length of dividing ruler each time is the length of the extension of spring with the corresponding poise. At last, the relationship between load and spring extension can be found, and flexibility coefficient of spring be calculated through recording the result each time.

2．測(cè)量物體的重量

2. Measure object weight

儀器安裝如前，在鋁盤中放上待測(cè)物體，并轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)旋扭③使指標(biāo)鏡與指標(biāo)管上的刻線對(duì)準(zhǔn)。用砝碼替換鋁盤中的物體，使指標(biāo)鏡與指標(biāo)管上的刻線仍對(duì)準(zhǔn)，盤中所加砝碼的重量即待稱物體的重量（亦可根據(jù)彈簧的伸長(zhǎng)及前面測(cè)出的彈性系數(shù)計(jì)算出物體的重量）。

The instrument is installed as the above. Place the object to be measured in the aluminum tray, and rotate rotary knob③ to make index mirror at the same line with the scale on index tube. Replace the object with poises, and make index mirror still at the same line with the scale on index tube. The weight of poises in the tray is the weight of the object (the object weight can also be calculated according to the extension of spring and flexibility coefficient measured above).

3．測(cè)量固體的比重（以下溶于水者為限）

3. Measure the specific density of solid (in the limit of dissolving in water)

再在鋁盤的下面掛上玻皿盤，在平臺(tái)上放一玻璃杯水，使玻皿盤浸入水中。先將待測(cè)物體放在鋁盤中按稱物體重量的方法稱出其重量。然后將它移放在玻皿盤上，并全部浸入水中，在鋁盤中加砝碼，直到指標(biāo)鏡上的刻線恢復(fù)到原來的位置（即待測(cè)物在鋁盤中時(shí)的位置），盤中所加砝碼的重量就是物體所排開的同體積的水的重量。待測(cè)物體的重量與同體積水的重量的比值即為其比重。

Hang glass tray below aluminum tray, and place a glass of water on the platform to make glass tray dipped in water. Place the object to be measured in aluminum tray and weigh out its weight according to the above method. Then move it to the glass tray and immense it in water completely. Add poises in aluminum tray until the scale line on index mirror restore to the original position (namely the position that the object to be measured in aluminum tray). The weight of poises in the tray is the weight of the same cubage of water expelled by the object. The proportion of weights of the object to be measured and the same cubage of water is its specific density.

4．測(cè)量液體的比重（以對(duì)玻盤及中間物無腐蝕作用為限）

裝置如前，把一固體作為中間物，如前方法測(cè)量出其同體積的待測(cè)液體以及水的重量。同體積的待測(cè)液體的重量與同體積的水重量的比值，即為該液體的比重。

4. Measure the specific density of liquid (in the limit of no eroding glass tray and middle object)

The device is the same as the above. Take a solid as the middle object, and measure out the liquid of the same cubage and the weight of water according to the above method. The proportion of the weights of the liquid of the same cubage and the water of the same cubage is the specific density of the liquid.

5．測(cè)量液體的表面張力系數(shù)

5. Measure surface tension coefficient of liquid

先將盛液體的玻璃杯放在平臺(tái)上，用表面張力線框代換玻皿盤掛在鋁盤下面，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)旋扭③使指標(biāo)鏡與指標(biāo)管的刻線對(duì)準(zhǔn)，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)旋扭17使平臺(tái)升起直到線框全部浸入液體中。然后慢慢地降下平臺(tái)，使線框剛好在液面上（從液面下面往上看，可見此時(shí)線框與其在液面上成的像剛好重合，并隨時(shí)校正指標(biāo)鏡的位置，使其刻線對(duì)準(zhǔn)指標(biāo)管上的刻線。記下此時(shí)刻度尺和游標(biāo)的讀數(shù)LO。緩慢地使平臺(tái)下降使線框露出液面，并同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)旋扭③使彈簧的上端升高，且始終保持指標(biāo)鏡與指標(biāo)管上的餓刻線對(duì)準(zhǔn)，直至線下附有的一層液膜破裂，記下刻度尺和游標(biāo)的讀數(shù)LO其差（L－LO）主要是由于表面張力所引起的，（L－LO）乘上彈簧的彈性系數(shù)即可算出液膜破裂時(shí)彈簧所施的拉力F（亦可在鋁盤中加砝碼，恢復(fù)到液膜破裂時(shí)的狀態(tài)，所加砝碼的重量即該力），量出線框的長(zhǎng)度L。

Place the glass cup of liquid on the platform, and replace glass tray below aluminum tray with surface tension line case, rotate rotary knob ③ to make index mirror at the same line with the scale on index tube, and rotate knob17 to lift the platform until the line case is completely dipped in the liquid. And then lower the platform slowly and make line case just above the liquid surface (from the below of liquid surface to the above, we can see that line case just overlaps with its shade on the liquid surface. Adjust the position of index mirror at any moment to make its scale line at the same level with that on index tube. Record the readings LO of dividing ruler and cursor at the time. Gradually lower the platform to make line case exposed from the liquid surface, and rotate rotary knob ③ to lift the upper end of spring. To ensure that index mirror is always at the same level with scale line on index tube until the liquid membrane under the line breaks. Record the readings LO of dividing ruler and cursor. Its difference (L－LO) is mainly caused by surface tension. The pull F imposed by spring when the liquid membrane breaks can be calculated through the multiplication of （L－LO） and the flexibility coefficient of spring (it is also allowed to add poises in aluminum tray to restore to the status of liquid membrane breaking, and the weight of poises added is the pull). Measure the length L of line case.

TKZM-1脈沖TKZM-18,J-FY2-1焦利氏稱J-T25表面張力系數(shù)

Surface tension coefficient

∝＝

計(jì)算出∝即得該時(shí)溫度下的液體表面張力系數(shù)。

Calculate ∝, namely liquid surface tension coefficient in the temperature.

注意事項(xiàng)：

Attentions:

1．被試的液體必須保持十分潔凈，如含有雜質(zhì)（尤其是液體表面）將改變表面張力，液體應(yīng)在開始作實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)才從容器中取出。

2．線框如有油污應(yīng)先汽油清洗，再用酒精洗凈烘干。

3．測(cè)量表面張力時(shí)，動(dòng)作必須很緩慢，特別是當(dāng)液膜要破裂時(shí)要更加小心。

1.       Tested liquid should be extremely clean. If it is impure (especially the liquid surface), the surface tension will be changed. Liquid should be poured out from vessels when the experiment is started.

2.       If line case has oil stains, it should be cleaned with gasoline and alcohol and then dried.

3.       In measuring surface tension, action should be slow. It should be more careful when the liquid membrane is about to break.

儀器的保管：

Instrument storage

1．每次實(shí)驗(yàn)完后必須將各附件放入特備的盒中妥善保存。

2．實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)不得使彈簧負(fù)荷超過規(guī)定值，以免超過彈性限度，產(chǎn)生殘余形變。

1.       After the completion of each experiment, all accessories should be placed in special boxes for storage.

2.       In experiments, spring load cannot exceed the stipulated value in case that spring generates residual distortion.