神經(jīng)遞質實時檢測系統(tǒng)應用快速掃描循環(huán)伏安法（FSCV）技術快速實時監(jiān)測動物體內(nèi)的兒茶酚胺類神經(jīng)化學物質的含量（如多巴胺血清素等）。系統(tǒng)使用了碳纖維生物傳感器可在大小鼠身體上實現(xiàn)短期的快速測量。

系統(tǒng)有兩種款式一種為用于大鼠的無線遙測系統(tǒng)一種為應用到小鼠的有線遙測系統(tǒng)。

系統(tǒng)配套軟件不僅支持傳統(tǒng)的短期測量模式（記錄2分鐘以內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)）同時還支持擴展的連續(xù)長期記錄模式。除此之外本軟件的特點還包括背景噪音消除熱點圖3D可視化視圖可選的濾波以及動態(tài)的伏案圖。數(shù)據(jù)可以導出為通用的EXCEL格式文件。另外軟件還支持整合同步視頻捕捉以便適合于動物行為與生物物質釋放關系的同步研究。

FAST SCAN CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY SYSTEM

Pinnacle’s FAST SCAN CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY (FSCV) SYSTEM is specifically designed to simplify the measurement of catecholamines (i.e., dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin). Pinnacle offers turn-key systems for both mice and rats. Both the wireless rat system ａnd the tethered mouse system use carbon fiber sensors to enable short-term measurement in the brains of freely moving animals.

HOW IT WORKS

Biogenic amine levels are detected by rapidly cycling a voltage across an implanted carbon fiber sensor and measuring the resultant current. Our systems can measure spontaneous sub-second neurotransmitter release events while conducting detailed behavioral studies. Both the wireless and tethered systems sweep from 250 to 400 V/s in a user-selectable range spanning -1.1 to +1.3 V. All systems have built-in support for controlling an external stimulus.

l  Voltage Span-1.1 V to +1.3 V

l  Range250 – 400 V/s 

l Sweeps/second5 - 10 

l Points/sweep1000 

Analysis

Dopamine (blue), serotonin (green), and norepinephrine (pink) have specific voltammogram profiles when detected by FSCV.

The TETHERED FAST SCAN CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY (FSCV) SYSTEM allows researchers to harness the powerful genetics of the mouse model to address underlying mechanisms of genic neurotransmitter release and function. A headmounted FSCV board sends signals through a low-torque commutator to an interface box that streams data to the host PC. The system comes with Pinnacle’s FREE 8500 software.

1. The FSCV interface box provides access to stimulus lines and transmits data to PAL-8500 software.

2. A low-torque commutator, which is mounted above the cage, allows for unencumbered freedom of movement.

3. Signals are amplified and filtered at the head of the animal using our headstage, which ensures the delivery of clean, artifact-free data.

4. Stereotaxically placed guide cannulas allow easy insertion of carbon fiber sensors. Headmounts are affixed to the skull with dental acrylic and act as a connection port for the headstage.

CARBON FIBER

Pinnacle’s FSCV system uses CARBON FIBER SENSORS (CFSs) to measure the presence of dopamine and other catecholamines in the brains of freely moving animals. Our sensor is a 34 µm diameter carbon fiber housed in a silica sheath that extends 0.5 mm beyond the end of the silica. All Pinnacle CFSs require an Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

Our sensor is a 34 um diameter carbon fiber housed in a silica sheath that extends 0.5 mm beyond the end of the silica.

CARBON FIBER SENSORS

Carbon fiber sensors are ordered by cannula type and whether the researcher needs to remove them from the cannula for post-calibration. CFS-F sensors are fixed in the cannula and cannot be removed for post-calibration。

FSCV PAL-8500 SOFTWARE PACKAGE

The FSCV system includes Pinnacle’s FREE PAL-8500 software, which supports traditional, short recording paradigms (recordings of two minutes or less) as well as longer-term recordings that use an extended continuous mode. Furthermore, the suite supports integrated, synchronized video recording, which allows monitoring of animal behavior simultaneously with genic amine release.

Additional features of this software include:
? Background Subtraction
? 3D Visualization 
? User-Selectable Filters 
? Heat Maps 
? Animated Voltammograms
? Export to Third-Party Packages 

參考文獻

1. Harris, J.J., Kollo, M., Erskine, A., Schaefer, A., Burdakov, D. (2022). Natural VTA activity during NREM sleep influences future exploratory behavior. iScience. doi10.1016/j.isci.2022.104396
2. Pavlov, A.N., Dubrowskii, A.I., Pavlova, O.N, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, O.V. (2021) Effects of Sleep Deprivation on the Brain Electrical Activity in Mice. Applied Sciences, 11, 1182. doi10.3390/app
3. Erickson, E.T.M., Ferrari, L.L., Gompf, H.S., Anaclet, C. (2019). Differential Role of Pontomedullary Glutamatergic Neuronal Populations in Sleep-Wake Control. Front. Neurosci., 30 July. doi10.3389/fnins.2019.00755
4. Pavlov, A.N., Pavlova, O.N., Semychkina-Glushkovskaya, O.V., Kurths, J. (2021). Enhanced multiresolution wavelet analysis of complex dynamics in nonlinear systems. Chaos 31, 043110 (2021). doi10.1063/5.0045859
5. Frolinger T., Sims S., Smith C., Wang J., Cheng H., Faith J., Ho L., Hao K., Pasinetti G.M., (2019) The gut microta composition affects dietary polyphenols-mediated cognitive resilience in mice by modulating the availability of phenolic acids. Scientific Reports, 9(3546). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39994-6
6. Gr?nli, J., Schmidt, M.A., & Wisor, J.P. (2018). State-dependent modulation of visual evoked potentials in a rodent genetic model of electroencephalographic instability. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. doi10.3389/fnsys.2018.00036
7. Benbow, T., Cairns, B.E. (2021). Dysregulation of the peripheralglutamatergic systemA key player inmigraine pathogenesis?. Cephalalgia. June 2021. doi:10.1177/03331024211017882
8. Thomas, S.A., Perekopskiy, D., Kiyatkin, E.A. (2020). Cocaine added to fails to affect -induced brain hypoxia. Brain Research, Volume 1746, November. doi10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147008
9. Thomas, S.A., Perekopskiy, D., Kiyatkin, E.A. (2020). Cocaine added to fails to affect -induced brain hypoxia. Brain Research, Volume 1746, November. doi10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147008
10. Sweeney, P., Qi, Y., Xu, Z., & Yang, Y. (2016). Activation of hypothalamic astrocytes suppresses feeding without altering emotional states. Glia, 64(12), 2263-2273. doi10.1002/glia.23073
11. Fisher, D.W., Luu, P., Agarwal, N., Kurz, J.E., & Chetkovich, D.M. (2018). Loss of HCN2 leads to delayed gastrointestinal motility and reduced energy intake in mice. PLoS ONE, 13(2), e0193012. doi10.1371/journal.pone.0193012
12. Wang, X., Zang, D., & Lu, X-Y. (2014). Dentate gyrus-CA3 glutamate release/NMDA transmission mediates behavioral despair and antidepressant-like responses to leptin. Molecular Psychiatry, 20, 509-519. doi10.1038/mp.2014.75
13. Dong, P., Zhang, Y., Hunanyan, A.S., Yang, H. (2022) Neuronal mechanism of a BK channelopathy in absence epilepsy and dyskinesia. PNAS, 119 (12) e2200140119. doi10.1073/pnas.2200140119
14. Fisher, D.W., Luu, P., Agarwal, N., Kurz, J.E., & Chetkovich, D.M. (2018). Loss of HCN2 leads to delayed gastrointestinal motility and reduced energy intake in mice. PLoS ONE, 13(2), e0193012. doi10.1371/journal.pone.0193012
15. Wallace, N.K., Pollard, F., Savenkova, M., Karatsoreos, I.N. (2019). Daily rhythms in lactate metabolism in the medial prefrontal cortex of mouseEffects of light and aging. Rxiv 632521. doi.org/10.1101/632521